Basic and Clinical Sciences (BCSE) Practice Exam

In the context of smoking and its associated health effects, the choice indicating increased life expectancy stands out as the most accurate response. Smoking is widely recognized to have numerous detrimental effects on health, leading to a variety of serious conditions and a reduction in life expectancy.

Research consistently shows that smokers have a higher risk of chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, respiratory diseases, and various forms of cancer, which collectively contribute to a decrease in overall longevity. The other effects, such as delayed wound healing, spontaneous abortion, and cognitive decline, are well-documented complications of smoking. For instance, nicotine and other harmful chemicals found in tobacco can impair circulation and oxygen delivery to tissues, causing slower wound healing, while certain risks associated with pregnancy can lead to spontaneous abortion. Additionally, smoking has been linked to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions, suggesting its detrimental impact on brain health.

Therefore, the assertion that smoking is associated with increased life expectancy contradicts extensive epidemiological evidence and health research.