Basic and Clinical Sciences (BCSE) Practice Exam

What factor increases the risk of death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) related to maternal smoking?

1. Low birth weight

2. Higher incidence of respiratory illnesses

3. Exposure to pollutants

4. Parental education level

The correct answer is: Higher incidence of respiratory illnesses

The relationship between maternal smoking and an increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is multifaceted, and one significant factor is the higher incidence of respiratory illnesses in infants exposed to smoke. Maternal smoking during pregnancy can lead to lower birth weight and developmental delays, but it also has documented effects on the infant's respiratory system. Infants exposed to maternal smoking are at a higher risk for respiratory complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia, which can compromise their overall health and contribute to a greater risk of SIDS. The vulnerability of the respiratory system in infants of mothers who smoke can manifest as decreased arousal responses during sleep, making them less likely to wake from sleep disturbances, which is a key risk factor for SIDS. Therefore, the increased incidence of respiratory illnesses serves as a critical connection between maternal smoking and the risk of SIDS, as these illnesses can significantly impact the infant's ability to respond appropriately in life-threatening situations. Other factors, such as low birth weight and exposure to pollutants, may also be influenced by maternal smoking, but the direct link to respiratory illnesses and their acute impact on an infant's well-being is particularly pertinent in understanding the heightened risk of SIDS. Additionally, parental education level tends to influence health outcomes broadly but