Basic and Clinical Sciences (BCSE) Practice Exam

Which of the following represents a stage in Wallgren’s timetable of childhood tuberculosis?

1. Development of CMI and hypersensitivity

2. Meningitis occurring first

3. Bone disease in the first month

4. Extrapulmonary TB within a week

The correct answer is: Development of CMI and hypersensitivity

Wallgren’s timetable of childhood tuberculosis highlights the progression and stages of infection in young children. The development of Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) and hypersensitivity is a crucial aspect of this timeline. It typically illustrates the immune response mechanism that begins to develop once a child is exposed to the tuberculosis bacillus. In early childhood tuberculosis, the immune system starts to respond, which can lead to hypersensitivity reactions, such as those seen in the tuberculin skin test. This response is vital as it indicates that the child's immune system has recognized the presence of the mycobacteria and is attempting to mount a defense. This aspect underscores the importance of CMI in controlling the infection and its role in the broader context of managing tuberculosis. It's significant because the maturation of CMI and subsequent hypersensitivity reactions play a crucial role in determining the clinical presentation of TB, influencing whether the disease remains latent or becomes symptomatic. While meningitis can occur in the context of tuberculosis, it typically does not represent the first stage in the timetable and is rather a complicated manifestation that arises later. Bone disease, particularly in the context of extrapulmonary manifestations, also does not typically present within the first month in childhood TB. Lastly, extrapulmonary TB